EPR ENTANGLEMENT & DARK MATTER

IT IS COMPLICATED

Quantum particle entanglement as investigated and debated by Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen (EPR) a century ago and by hundreds of physicists ever since, is now generally accepted by science. But it remains a deep mystery. When a photon or other primary particle is split and the twin particles zoom off to different parts of the universe, they keep in touch. How they do this is unknown. Einstein didn't like Entanglement because it requires the two particles to communicate instantaneously - faster than the speed of light. Einstein proved that "nothing can act faster than the speed of light". 

Was he wrong? 

Hundreds of highly sophisticated and accurate practical experiments have been conducted which demonstrate that entanglement is real. Change one of the twins and the other, no matter how distant, instantly changes. They are in touch. Computer companies are investing millions in "quantum entanglement machines": it is real. 

Entanglement is often cited in the Double-Slit experiment where light (photons) is shone through very tiny slits, onto a screen; they manifest wave-like behaviour; even a single photon as it reaches the screen breaks down into wave patterns instead of remaining as a quantum spot of light. There is no explanation. 

After one-hundred years or so of speculations, my speculation is that ALL objects in the universe, from galaxies to sub-atomic particles signal their existence by radiating or reflecting electromagnetic signals (light, radio), which we or our instruments detect. This is how we know the objects exist; their waves communicate universally and we read them. This radiation, these waves expand from the object in spheres; even a laser beam eventually will spread into a sphere. A laser beam shining up into deep space is visible as it encounters and reflects from particles in our atmosphere and then in space. It is visible from whatever location we look. It is radiating its existence - otherwise we could not detect it. 

I am now speculating that how we see objects is a function of the expanding sphere it radiates. We encounter the energetic data-rich waves as they expand to infinity and we recognise the central object. We are actually seeing or intercepting an image on the surface of the expanding sphere; somewhat like an event horizon. 

Take this fact further: as the (real) object radiates or reflects, waves propagate continuously from the centre. It is fact that we and the universe only detect the object when the waves encounter and are intercepted by another energetic data-rich sphere - or our instruments. The merging of the different waves - propagating say from a planet and a star or a person, at the surface of the two spheres, create a particle /photon etc. which we see. We cannot ever see the "real" object; we can only see the signals it broadcasts as waves - and when we do so, we inevitably "collapse the wave-forms" as our waves interfere with those of the observed object.  

Between the centre of the object and the peripheral surface, the waves exist but are invisible to us. We cannot /do not see the energy propagating in the space between the object and the expanding sphere; unless and until it meets another sphere where a particle (spinning pure energy?) manifests. The inner-space is however not empty (there is no "empty" space in the universe), it is full of the waves of data about the central object. If we look into that inner-space, we can only do so by intercepting the propagating waves and thus introducing spheres of energy from our instruments or ourselves; we too are objects that signal our existence by radiating information (in-form-ation). 

So, we detect entanglement as we measure (intercept) points on the outer sphere. It is the sphere, which is a field (I prefer ocean) that we interfere with. Our interference affects the whole sphere (shell) and thus changes the particles that exist on the surface of the sphere. All such particles on every point of the shell are affected simultaneously. Entanglement is not limited to twin particles - there can be any number of identical particles that alter as we interfere with the expanding shell. 

The universe is filled with such energetic shells. There is no place where they do not exist. We can see the data broadcast by the inner-objects onto their shells from any location in the universe. 

A further thought is that the invisible waves of energy propagating between the centres of all object and their shells (which inform us the objects exist) is many times more mass than the particles that become visible at interception points - though such points are as near infinite as maths will allow. The space between centre and shell-surface is dark-matter; we (any other radiating object) cannot detect the dark-matter without our shells interfering and thus creating particles. I speculate that particles of matter are whorls or whirlpools of pure-energy where shells meet (i.e. everywhere). 

I've addressed dark-energy and its alleged expansion power elsewhere. 

http://www.noelhodson.com/index_files/Life-Universe-Everything-8Mar2011.pdf

THUS ENDETH THE LESSON - Sunday 16th August 2020

  

ANDREW MARR'S HISTORY OF THE WORLD

AT AMAZON

I have just finished A HISTORY OF THE WORLD by Andrew Marr; he of the Sunday morning TV political interviews show.

It is a Tour de Force. A compelling page turner of a book, densely packed with facts, interpretations and commentary. So much so that all the way through I suspected Marr employed a large backroom team of Oxbridge History Firsts to research and feed him the narratives. Or, he truly is blessed with a giant brain that can indeed contain and analyse the entire world and its past. As Marr himself says, he set himself an impossible task in encompassing the whole of human history in one paper-back. 

It has informed me of the socio-economic and egotistical forces behind history's major movements, such as I had never imagined. A great, intelligent, very readable book which I recommend to you; to while away some of these, probably historically important Covid-19 days. Have a notepad to hand to ensure you get the most from this work. 

History is not a subject that grips me. It has gone. It can't be changed. Been there - done that. Our past seems to have been bullied into shape by sociopaths, psychopaths and murderous mad dictators. Imagine what the human race might have achieved without those loonies marauding round the world, slaughtering All the Men, All the Women, All the Children and All the Beasts of the Field and all progress to date, with monotonous regularity. 

The Future is of far greater interest; so I read Part 8, which looks ahead, with even more interest than the preceding chapters, of those old, deeply, deeply stupid, knuckle-dragging  lunatic "leaders" - driven by massive excesses of matted or peroxided hair, sweaty muscles, testosterone, spite and gross idiocy to wreak havoc on our lovely planet Earth. And to often die in "glorious" battle or to commit suicide when thwarted. 

So, I was somewhat disappointed that the hugely well informed Andrew Marr concludes with such thoughts as "...we will have a 50/50 chance of survival" (Martin Rees) and ...today's parents in the West are the first generation to worry that their children will live more meagre, if less wasteful lives..."  And , of politics "Unfortunately , our willingness to believe the promises of rabble-rousers and our greed, our capacity for anger and violence, are part of the story too."

Better, Mr Marr, to point the way to a wonderful future - and to impress the possibilities on all those dull, thoughtless, timid, myopic civic leaders who you interview on Sundays. You do have masses of evidence to support a pessimistic view of the future of humanity but I think that we, The People, are at a turning point - and will head off to the Sunlit Uplands. Try this article - and read my book AD2516. 

Friday, 15 June 2018

SENSE OF DIRECTION - UTOPIAN VISION

Thanks for the book.

GRAVITY and BLACK HOLES

M87 - All attentive students of Magnetohydrodynamics, and General Relativity will instantly recognise this picture as the black-hole M87 - about 55 million light years from Earth, whose mass is  6.5 billion times the Sun. 

Stephen Battersby writes, with his usual clarity and insights, of M87, in New Scientist 1 August 2020.

https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg24732930-700-black-holes-are-hiding-movies-of-the-universe-in-their-glowing-rings/

It is conjectured that the bright ring consists of countless numbers of orbiting (globes of) distinct photon rings separated by mere picometres or even less distance. If we could focus sufficiently well, each ring/globe would reveal its history - and thus the history of the universe - back 55 million light-years. Mankind is far from making such telescopes. 

I theorise or guess, in my theory of gravity, that photons do have mass, and so can be attracted to a gravitational object. This might obviate the need for curved-space-time. It is merely a far "heavier" object attracting lighter objects. What I think is happening is that as the mass of M87 shrinks it does so layer by layer by compressing the (remaining) Casimir radiation between the shells of its mass. The most inner core of M87 is being compressed from mass to plasma - or pure-energy. The object was built layer by layer, each one locking out more electromagnetic-radiation (light), and so it converts layer by layer back to plasma; from the inner rings to the outer shell. 

This compression - with the weight of the entire universal ocean of radiation pressing in from 43.7 b.l.y. - ultimately ejects the plasma; often and long observed as "jets of positrons and electrons". Or, perhaps as even more fundamental quantum units - say quarks or just pure-energy. Stephen Battersby writes here of space-time being dragged around spinning black-holes. That implies friction and mass that can be dragged in "empty" space. As I've speculated for 30 years or so, there is no empty space - and light has mass. 

If so, black-holes are a "natural" necessary event in our perpetually cycling universe - in which Big-Bang pure energy forms mass, which forms galaxies, which collapse to black holes, which shoot out jets of pure energy. If so, do we need the Big-Bang? Probably not. If so, all objects - including ourselves - can be categorised as long or short lived bubbles in the ocean of pure energy. All bubbles implode - not explode. They implode as the mass of electromagnetic energy presses on them. Within matter, layers are formed between which Casimir exclusion occurs; which ultimately results in black-holes. 

The greatest mystery is how does life occur? What is the life-force? 

"There's a way to go before we rest."

Gravity is the relative absence or reduction of the pressure of the radiation that fills the universal ocean of radiation, which is from 13.7 to 43.7 billion-light-years deep. Contemplate "The ever tightening knot of gravity, ultimately resulting in black-holes" and "Counter-intuitively, the centre of the Sun is very dark" because the centre is most "shaded" or protected from or excludes the universal radiation. (NB between masses as per Casimir). The external radiation is the PUSH and the internal partial absence of radiation is the PULL of gravity. NCH March 2015     e-mail   noel@noelhodson.com

Follow the Gravity tab to 20 or 30 more articles at the end of this essay, to read more of this (my) oddball and unique theory.  noel@noelhodson.com