M87 - All attentive students of Magnetohydrodynamics, and General Relativity will instantly recognise this picture as the black-hole M87 - about 55 million light years from Earth, whose mass is 6.5 billion times the Sun.
Stephen Battersby writes, with his usual clarity and insights, of M87, in New Scientist 1 August 2020.
It is conjectured that the bright ring consists of countless numbers of orbiting (globes of) distinct photon rings separated by mere picometres or even less distance. If we could focus sufficiently well, each ring/globe would reveal its history - and thus the history of the universe - back 55 million light-years. Mankind is far from making such telescopes.
I theorise or guess, in my theory of gravity, that photons do have mass, and so can be attracted to a gravitational object. This might obviate the need for curved-space-time. It is merely a far "heavier" object attracting lighter objects. What I think is happening is that as the mass of M87 shrinks it does so layer by layer by compressing the (remaining) Casimir radiation between the shells of its mass. The most inner core of M87 is being compressed from mass to plasma - or pure-energy. The object was built layer by layer, each one locking out more electromagnetic-radiation (light), and so it converts layer by layer back to plasma; from the inner rings to the outer shell.
This compression - with the weight of the entire universal ocean of radiation pressing in from 43.7 b.l.y. - ultimately ejects the plasma; often and long observed as "jets of positrons and electrons". Or, perhaps as even more fundamental quantum units - say quarks or just pure-energy. Stephen Battersby writes here of space-time being dragged around spinning black-holes. That implies friction and mass that can be dragged in "empty" space. As I've speculated for 30 years or so, there is no empty space - and light has mass.
If so, black-holes are a "natural" necessary event in our perpetually cycling universe - in which Big-Bang pure energy forms mass, which forms galaxies, which collapse to black holes, which shoot out jets of pure energy. If so, do we need the Big-Bang? Probably not. If so, all objects - including ourselves - can be categorised as long or short lived bubbles in the ocean of pure energy. All bubbles implode - not explode. They implode as the mass of electromagnetic energy presses on them. Within matter, layers are formed between which Casimir exclusion occurs; which ultimately results in black-holes.
The greatest mystery is how does life occur? What is the life-force?
"There's a way to go before we rest."
Gravity is the relative absence or reduction of the pressure of the radiation that fills the universal ocean of radiation, which is from 13.7 to 43.7 billion-light-years deep. Contemplate "The ever tightening knot of gravity, ultimately resulting in black-holes" and "Counter-intuitively, the centre of the Sun is very dark" because the centre is most "shaded" or protected from or excludes the universal radiation. (NB between masses as per Casimir). The external radiation is the PUSH and the internal partial absence of radiation is the PULL of gravity. NCH March 2015 e-mail noel@noelhodson.com
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